
Despite decades of research, opioids remain the only effective option for moderate to severe acute pain, leaving patients and their clinicians trapped between uncontrolled pain and the unacceptable risk of addiction
1: Gan et al. Journal of Pain Research, 2017. 2: Ladha et al. JAMA Network Open, 2019. 3: Stark et al. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, 2017. 4: Spencer et al. National Center for Health Statistics, 2022. 5: Florence et al. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2017.








